Lithics Terminology

The process of confirming that a PointCheck report has not been altered. Each report includes a SHA-256 hash of the original images; verification checks that the hash matches, proving the photos haven't been swapped. This confirms report integrity, not artifact authenticity.

The negative impression left after a flake is struck off, showing the direction and force of removal.

Intentional smoothing of base edges to prevent cutting haft bindings and improve haft fit.

Removing small, controlled flakes by pressing with a tool to refine edges and notches.

A flake termination that curves and stops abruptly, leaving a rounded ‘hinge’ end.

A flake termination that breaks at a sharp step, often from force misdirection or flaws.

A removal that travels across the piece and removes the opposite edge, common in some Paleo styles.

Shell-like break pattern typical of knappable stone when struck correctly.

The prepared spot struck to detach a flake; its angle and shape influence flake travel.

Cutting or flaking inset areas on the base or sides for hafting or stylistic purposes.

The weathered outer rind of raw stone; residual cortex can show early-stage reduction.

Microscopic smoothing, striations, or rounding on edges from use or handling.

Surface change (staining, luster, mineral deposits) from long-term exposure or burial.

Attaching the point to a shaft or handle using bindings, mastic, and prepared bases.

Low, oblique lighting that casts small shadows to reveal ridges, flake scars, and retouch.

Controlled heating of stone to improve knappability; often changes color and luster.

Small, secondary flaking to sharpen, thin, or reshape edges after primary reduction.